The Current in a 120 V Reading Lamp Is 1.6 a . You May Want to Review (Page 739) .
Cambridge Professional English iv страница
• What practise you utilize the device for?
• Why did yous buy that particular make/model?
• What are your favourite functions?
• What improvements would y'all brand to the device?
unit of measurement 7 Display screens and ergonomics
p=^j
I In pairs, discuss these questions.
oneWhat type of display practise you have: a cathode ray tube or an LCD flat screen?
iiWhat size is the screen?
3How can you change the picture using the controls?
ivTin can yous watch Television receiver on your PC monitor?
How screen displays work
Complete these definitions with words from the box. And then read the text on page 33 and check your answers.
resolution pixel aspect ratio color depth video adapter plasma screen
i - the smallest unit on a display screen or bitmapped prototype (commonly
a coloured dot)
two .......................................... - an expansion carte that generates the video betoken sent to a
computer brandish
three ................................. - the width of the screen in proportion to its meridian
iv ________________________ - also called gas discharge display
five _____________________ - the number of pixels contained in a display, horizontally and
vertically
vi ________________________ - the number of bits used to concord a colour pixel; this determines
the maximum number of colours that can exist displayed
Read the text once more and respond these questions.
1 What do CRT and LCD stand for?
2 How is the screen size measured?
3 What technology is used by agile-matrix LCDs?
iv Which unit of frequency is used to measure the brightness of a display?
v What substance produces calorie-free and color when hit by electrons in a CRT monitor?
6 What are the 3 advantages of OLED displays?
How screen displays work
Displays, oftentimes called monitors or screens, are the
most-used output device on a reckoner.They provide instant feedback by showing y'all text and graphic images as you work or play.
Most desktop displays use Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) applied science, while nearly all portable computing devices, such as laptops, incorporate LCDs. Because of their slimmer design and lower energy consumption, LCD monitors (as well chosen flat panel or flat screen displays) are replacing CRTs.
Basic features
Resolution refers to the number of dots of color, known as pixels (picture elements), contained in a display. It is expressed past identifying the number of pixels on the horizontal and vertical axes. A typical resolution is 1024x768.
A pixel is a combination of red, green and blue subpixels
Two measurements describe the size of your brandish: the aspect ratio and the screen size. Historically, estimator displays, like most televisions, accept had an aspect ratio of 4:3 - the width of the screen to the height is 4 to three. For widescreen LCD displays, the aspect ratio is 16:9, very useful for viewing DVD movies, playing games and displaying multiple windows side by side. High- definition Television receiver also uses this format.The viewable screen size is measured diagonally, so a 19"screen measures 19" from the elevation left to the bottom correct.
Inside the computer there is a video adapter, or graphics menu, which processes images and sends signals to the monitor. CRT monitors use a VGA (video graphics adapter) cable, which converts digital signals into analogue signals. LCD monitors utilize a DVI (digital video interface) connection.
Color depth refers to the number of colours a monitor can display. This depends on the number of bits used to describe the colour of a unmarried pixel. For case, an old VGA monitor with an 8-bit depth tin can generate 256 colours and a SuperVGA with a 24-bit depth can generate xvi.seven 1000000 colours. Monitors with a 32-bit depth are used in digital video, blitheness and video games to become sure effects.
Display technologies
An LCD is made of ii glass plates with a liquid crystal material between them. The crystals block the light in different quantities to create the image. Active-matrix LCDs apply TFT (thin movie transistor) applied science, in which each pixel has its ain switch. The amount of low-cal the LCD monitor produces is chosen brightness or luminance, measured in cd/m2 (candela per square metre).
A CRT monitor is similar to a traditional Goggle box. It contains millions of tiny red, green and blue phosphor dots that glow when struck by an electron beam that travels across the screen and create a visible epitome.
PCs can be connected to video projectors, which projection the epitome onto a large screen. They are used for presentations and home theatre applications.
In a plasma screen, images are created by a plasma discharge which contains noble (non-harmful) gases. Plasma TVs permit for larger screens and wide viewing angles, making them ideal for movies.
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are thin-film LED displays that don't crave a backlight to function. The material emits light when stimulated past an electrical current, which is known every bit electroluminescence.They swallow less free energy, produce brighter colours and are flexible - i.e. they can be bent and rolled upward when they're not being used.
| Cambridge- Hitachi interactive whiteboard Allows interaction with a projected estimator image Board size: 78" Connected to the PC via USB Pointing device: cordless pen | Pioneer 50" Plasma Television receiver Resolution: 1280x768 (XGA) Blu-ray Disc recorder 5.i environment audio system (Five audio channels plus one subwoofer) |
DLP (Digital Light Processing) applied science
Resolution: 1024x768
Project screen
В [WJ In pairs, discuss which of the display devices y'all would near like to own. Requite reasons for your choice.
Display screens and ergonomics
A bJ Listen to Tony Clark, an expert in computer ergonomics, talking to some function workers most health and rubber. What health issues associated with computer use practice the office workers mention?
в В Listen again and complete these extracts.
1 Get a good chair, one that................ your lower back and is
2 Make sure your feet rest firmly........................................ or on a footrest.
3 Position the keyboard.......................................... your elbows, with your arms
___________ ...................... the piece of work surface ...
4 ... position the monitor at, or just below,________________________
5 You should sit down at......................................... from the front of the monitor, most l to seventy
centimetres away.
vi ... a kind of stand that lets you lot motility the monitor........................................ , and so y'all can use it
at the right angle and height'.
Friction match the extracts above (i-half dozen) with the right parts of the diagram (a-f).
Ergonomics - the study of how people interact safely and efficiently with machines and their piece of work conditions
Linguistic communication work: instructions and advice
Look at the Assist box and then complete these health and prophylactic guidelines with should/shouldn't.
one If you type a lot at your calculator each
day, y'all .................... buy an ergonomic
keyboard; it tin can assistance reduce the risk of repetitive strain injury.
ii You..................... place your mouse
inside easy reach and support your forearm.
3 If you decide to build your ain PC, protect yourself from electric shocks. You lot
___________ impact whatsoever components
unnecessarily.
4 You________
• We use the imperative to requite instructions. Go an adjustable chair.
Don't put your monitor in front of a window.
• We use should and shouldn't + infinitive to give advice or to talk most what we think is a good or bad thought.
You should look down at the monitor, not up.
You shouldn't use a monitor that'due south fuzzy or distorts the image.
• We can also give advice past using set phrases similar It's a practiced thought to or It's a bad idea to
+ infinitive.
It'due south a good idea to have a monitor with a tilt- and-hinge stand.
В IW| In pairs, practise giving advice almost how to apply a monitor safely using should/shouldn't or It'south a skillful/bad idea to. Look at these guidelines for help.
1 Don't open the monitor. It's dangerous.
two Don't stare at the screen for long periods of fourth dimension.
three Position the monitor at middle level or just beneath.
iv Exit enough infinite behind the monitor for unobstructed movement.
5 Don't sit near the sides or back of CRT monitors. Employ LCD screens instead - they're costless from radiations.
6 Keep the screen clean to prevent distorting shadows.
An ergonomic school or office
ЁЦ You have been asked to write a list of guidelines for making your school or office more ergonomic. Look at the definition of ergonomics at the bottom of folio 35 and and then write an electronic mail to your teacher/director explaining your guidelines. Consider 1-8 below.
one Concrete layout of the work site; desk areas, computer equipment, filing cabinets, etc.
2 Lighting (overhead lights, desk lamps), glare and ventilation
3 Computer and office furniture: ergonomic chairs and desks
4 Convenient and ergonomic devices: keyboards, mice, monitors, wrist rests, copyholders, etc.
v Location and features of telephones
half dozen Layout of cables and switches for a wired network
7 Wireless internet admission and wireless network
eight Maintenance and technical repairs
nit8 Choosing a printer
Types of printer
How many types of printer can you think of? Make a list.
Read the article on page 38 and then label the types of printer (1-5). Which types of printer aren't pictured?
The quality (resolution) of the images goes upwardly to 2,400 dots per inch (dpi)
Provides high quality output: a resolution of one,200-2,400 dpi
The resolution depends on the number of pins
iii ...........
2__________________
Provides high quality for linework (lines and curves)
iv __________
Provides the highest resolution: more than 3,000 dpi
5 ____________
SHOULD I Purchase?
Press is the last stage in creating a document. Since the results you lot can obtain with different types of printer will vary substantially, hither is a guide to assistance you decide which 1 is about suitable for your needs.
5 To begin with, you should take into account that printers vary in cost, speed, print quality, and other factors such as dissonance or printing method. Technology is evolving so quickly that in that location is always a printer for every application or need.
ten Dot-matrix printers utilise pins to print the dots required to shape a character. They can print text and graphics; however, they produce relatively low resolution output — 72 to 180 dots per inch (dpi).They are used to print multi-part forms, self-copying paper 15 and continuous-form labels.They are slower than light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation printers (come across beneath) just much cheaper.
Inkjet printers operate by projecting small ink droplets onto paper to form the required image. Colour and hues are created by the precise mixing 20 of cyan, magenta, yellowish and blackness inks. Inkjets are adequately fast, quiet, and not as expensive equally laser printers. Yet, you tin however expect high quality results because there are some inkjet printers on the market with a resolution of 2,400 dpi.
Laser printers produce output at great speed and with a very high resolution of one,200-ii,400 dpi. They scan the prototype with a laser beam and transfer it to newspaper with a special ink pulverisation called toner. They are constantly existence improved. In terms of speed and paradigm quality, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation printers are preferred past experts for various reasons; for instance, they take a wider range of scalable fonts than inkjets, tin emulate dissimilar language systems, and can produce high- quality graphics; however, they are yet expensive for home users.
Thermal transfer printers are used to produce colour images past transferring a wax-based ink onto the paper. They are popular for press bar codes, labels and medium-resolution graphics.
Imagesetters produce very high-resoludon output (up to 3,540 dpi) on paper or on the bodily motion picture for making the press plates. In addition, they are extremely fast. Imagesetters are well-nigh often used in desktop publishing (DTP). Although they produce the highest quality output, they take one important disadvantage: they are too expensive for homes or small offices.
In modern lithographic printing, images are created on a DTP estimator and then output directly to the printing plates, without requiring film as an intermediate step. This technology is called calculator to plate, or CTP, and the car used is called a platesetter.
Finally, nosotros have plotters. Plotters use ink and fine pens held in a railroad vehicle to draw very detailed designs on paper. They are used for construction plans, applied science drawings and other technical illustrations. Nowadays, traditional plotters are being replaced with broad-format inkjets.
Find words in the commodity with the post-obit meanings.
1 designs and images used in magazines, books, etc (lines 10-15)_________
2 output quality, measured in dots per inch (lines 10-15)
3 a detail color inside the colour spectrum (lines 15-20)__________
iv an ink powder used in light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation printers and copiers (lines 25-30)................
v fix of characters that tin can be resized (enlarged or reduced) without introducing distortion (lines thirty-35)
6 a rectangular pattern of blackness lines of magnetic ink printed on an object so that its details tin be read by a computer system (lines 35-twoscore)
seven surface that carries a reproduction of the paradigm, from which the pages are printed (lines 45-50)....................
8 in-between; middle (lines 50-55)..................
Ilf
с Choosing a printer
Linguistic communication piece of work: connectors i
A Look at the HELP box and then put the words in italics from the commodity on page 38 into the correct column of the table.
| Giving examples | Listing/Sequencing | Giving reason/cause |
В Try to add some more connectors to each column. How do yous say these connectors in your language?
Connectors ane
Connectors are linking words and phrases which bring together ideas and help us organize our writing. Connectors can exist used for giving examples, listing or sequencing, and giving reason or cause.
for example, they have a wider range of...
To begin with, you should accept into account that printers vary in cost...
Some common connectors appear in italics in the article on page 38. For more on other uses of connectors, run into Unit 11.
С Lfc I Write a paragraph describing the printer(southward) you utilize at home or at work. Try to use some connectors. Think about these aspects: type, speed, resolution, print quality, retentivity, cost, print consumables (ink cartridges etc.).
Choosing the right printer
A P] In pairs, choose the well-nigh suitable printer for each of these situations. Give reasons for your choices.
1 You want to print documents, web pages and occasional photographs at domicile.
2 A minor company needs a printer which will be shared by various users on a local area network (LAN).
three A professional person team of architects and engineers demand to create accurate representations of objects in technical drawings and CAD.
iv A graphic arts business needs a printer to produce catalogues, brochures and other publications.
В |West| In pairs, describe the features of your ideal printer.
Multi-function printers
К Mind to an extract from a consumer engineering podcast nearly multi-function printers. What ii disadvantages of multi-role printers are mentioned?
Listen again and respond these questions.
1 What is a multi-function printer?
2 Why are multi-part printers and then popular?
iii 
iv Apart from sheets of paper, what other things can multi-function printers impress?
5 
six What advice does Mr Kelly give on ink cartridges?
7 What blazon of device does he recommend for home users?
eight What type of device does he recommend for businesses?
Language work: comparatives
Await at the HELP box and then consummate these sentences using the comparative class of the describing word in brackets.
ane A laser printer is generally (repose)
................................ than a depression-cost inkjet
printer.
2 Multi-function printers are at present only slightly
(expensive)-.............................. than
conventional printers, and offer much (cracking)
................................ versatility.
3 The impress quality of this network printer is
noticeably (adept) than
any inkjet, and as (good)..............................
as like laser printers.
4 The Agfa platesetter is (reliable)
................................ and (easy)
................................ to use than almost printers
of its type.
5 Your printer is only as (skilful)
................................ every bit the paper you lot use.
half-dozen The final result is ever (accurate)
............................... ..than the original image.
7 An imagesetter is (heavy)...............................
than a laser printer.
unitfSSSSBSS
6 Reading quiz - printer adverts
In pairs, read the adverts and then answer these questions. See who in your class can cease first.
oneHow many inkjet printers are advertised?
2Which printer would you recommend to someone who wants to print advertising graphics?
iiiIf you take the wide-format printer from Vutek, what kinds of material can you lot print on?
fourWhich engineering science lets you impress directly from your digital photographic camera without needing a computer in between?
5A folio description linguistic communication, or PDL, describes how to print the text and pictures on the page. Can you find 2 laser printer languages?
6What is the resolution of the Blood brother HL Network Colour Laser Printer?
viiHow fast is the Brother HL Network Colour Laser Printer?
Canon Compact Photo Printer SELPHY CP750 Photo Printer
An inkjet photo printer with a 2.4" colour LCD for easy viewing, editing and printing of perfect borderless photos. With PictBridge, you can impress direct from digital cameras, retentiveness cards or photographic camera phones (via IrDA or optional Bluetooth unit) without connecting to a PC.
Resolution: 300x300 dpi
Software: Easy-PhotoPrint
Dimensions: 179x127.1x63 mm
Weight:
Brother HL Network Colour Laser Printer
The HL-4040CN delivers the perfect balance of quality, workgroup, colour A4 laser printing.
It boasts outstanding colour output: two,400 dpi class color printing with uncommonly crisp, high-resolution text and graphics driven by Brother's exclusive printing enhancement technologies.
Print Speed: up to 31 ppm (pages per infinitesimal) mono, 8 ppm colour (A4)
Compatibility: PCL and PostScript languages
Newspaper tray capacity: 250 sheets
Memory size: 64MB
Loftier-speed USB
В A friend has emailed you asking for advice well-nigh which printer to buy, the Canon SELPHY CP750 or the Brother HL Network Colour Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation Printer. Write an email to your friend comparing the ii printers. Utilise the HELP box on page forty to help yous.
Гг .
unit of measurement ix Devices for the disabled
| In pairs, look at the words in the box and employ equally many of them as yous can to draw the photos. You will not need all the words.
| blind person | adapted keyboard |
| motor-impaired person | on-screen keyboard |
| screen magnifier | voice recognition organisation |
| Braille printer | screen-pointing device |
| adaptive switch | screen reader |
| touch screen | pneumatic switch (sip and puff) |
о
Devices for the disabled
In pairs, discuss these questions.
aneWhat sort of difficulties do you lot think are experienced by reckoner users with limitations of vision or mobility?
twoWhat types of device could be helpful to blind users?
3How can a person with mobility limitations communicate with a computer?
Computers for the disabled
A Read the text and detect the post-obit.
1the laws which ensure equal opportunities for people with disabilities in the Usa and the UK
2how the blind educatee in the photo interacts with the auto
3the systems which blazon on the screen what is being said in meetings
4the type of software which reads printed material, recognizes the text and so sends information technology to the PC
fivethe organisation which is activated by the user's eye movements
6the switch which can be used by someone with quadriplegia
7the function of voice recognition devices
Computers for the disabled
Computers take taken a dominant role in our guild, meaning most jobs now crave access to computers and the Internet. But what happens if a person is blind, deaf or motor-disabled? They needn't worry. The latest assistive engineering is designed to help them use computers and do their jobs in the function, larn at school, or interact with their families at home. In add-on, new laws oblige companies to adapt the workplace to conform disabled people. For example, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the UK's Inability Bigotry Human activity make it illegal for employers to discriminate against people with disabilities.
To piece of work effectively, most blind users need to have their computers adapted with technologies such as Braille, screen magnifiers, voice communication synthesis and Optical Character Recognition (OCR).
Braille keyboards take Braille lettering on keyboard overlays, allowing the blind user to easily identify each primal.
For output, in that location are printers, called Braille embossers, that produce tactile Braille symbols on both sides of a page at high speed.
For someone with limited but usable vision, a screen magnifier may be appropriate. This blazon of software can overstate text and images actualization on the screen past upward to
sixteen times.
A spoken language synthesis organisation is used to read aloud the work on the computer. It has a speech synthesizer, which produces the sound output, and a screen reader - the program which reads aloud text and menus from word processors, databases and the Web.
OCR uses a flatbed scanner and specialized OCR software to read printed material and ship the text to the calculator. The PC can then produce a copy of the text in Braille, a magnified re-create, or a version that tin can be read aloud past a speech synthesis organization.
Deaf estimator users tin can overcome many advice difficulties with the aid of visual alerts, electronic notetakers and textphones. Visual alerts are indicators that alert the deafened user when they receive new post or when there is a system error. So instead of hearing a sound, the user is alerted by a blinking menu bar or past a bulletin on the screen. Electronic notetakers use software that types a summary of what is said in meetings onto the estimator screen.
Textphones allow the deaf to type and read phone conversations. They are also called TDDs (Telephone Devices for the Deaf) or TTYs (TeleTypewriters). They can exist used in combination with relay services, where an operator says what the text user types, and types what a phonation phone user says. Deaf people can also communicate via SMS and instant messaging.
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